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Scorpio (weapon)
The scorpio or scorpion was a type of Roman artillery piece. Also known by the name of the triggerfish, it was described in detail by Vitruvius. In the progressive evolution of catapults, the next major improvement after the scorpio was the cheiroballistra.〔Warry, J. (1995), ''Warfare in the Classical World'', pg 178; Salamander Books Ltd., London: United Kingdom. ISBN 0-8061-2794-5〕
A weapon of remarkable precision and power, the scorpio was particularly dreaded by the enemies of the Roman Empire.
== Design ==
The scorpio was a smaller catapult-type weapon, more of a sniper weapon than a siege engine, operated by one man. The scorpio was basically an early crossbow, a "catapult with bolts", probably first invented by the Greeks, then later adopted and used on a larger scale by the Roman legions. This catapult used a system of torsion springs to propel the bolts.
The complexity of construction and in particular the torsion springs (which the Romans referred to as ''tormenta'') led to great sensitivity to any variation in temperature or moisture, which limited their use. Moreover, this type of technology, which disappeared by the High Middle Ages (with the exception of the Byzantine Empire which was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle Ages), reappeared during the First Crusade in the form of a new type of catapult based on a system of slings and counterweights for the projection of stone balls, and as giant crossbows as the field of metallurgy progressed.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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